SAGE Journals Online
Advertisement
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.

 

Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

Advertisement

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Tkác, J.
Right arrow Articles by Sin, D. D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Tkác, J.
Right arrow Articles by Sin, D. D.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Reviews

Review: Systemic consequences of COPD

Ján Tkác

The University of British Columbia (Respiratory Division), Vancouver, BC

S. F. Paul Man

The University of British Columbia (Respiratory Division), Vancouver, BC

Don D. Sin

The University of British Columbia (Respiratory Division), Vancouver, BC, dsin{at}mrl.ubc.ca

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent chronic lung condition, affecting ~10% of adults over the age of 40 years in the western world. Research over the past 10 years has shown that COPD is more than just a lung disorder; it affects other end-organs including the cardiovascular and the musculoskeletal systems, making it a multi-component, multi-system disease. COPD increases the risk for ischemic heart disease, stroke, osteoporosis, cachexia, and muscle weakness by two to threefold, independent of other factors such as smoking and age. The mechanisms by which COPD affects these end-organs, however, are unclear. In this paper, we review some of the common and serious extra-pulmonary manifestations of COPD and the potential mechanisms by which they can be linked with COPD.

Key Words: COPD • systemic consequences • inflammation • cardiovascular • cachexia • osteoporosis.

References

  • Acharyya, S. et al. (2004) Cancer cachexia is regulated by selective targeting of skeletal muscle gene products. J Clin Invest 114: 370—378.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Agusti, A.G. et al. (2002) Skeletal muscle apoptosis and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166: 485—489.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Agusti, A.G. (2005) Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2: 367—370; discussion 371—362.[Free Full Text]
  • Anthonisen, N.R. et al. (1994) Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health Study. Jama 272: 1497—1505.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Antonelli, I.R. et al. (1997) Co-morbidity contributes to predict mortality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 10: 2794—2800.[Abstract]
  • Antonelli, I.R. et al. (2003) Cognitive impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—a neuropsychological and spect study. J Neurol 250: 325—332.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Ashitani, J. et al. (2002) Elevated plasma procoagulant and fibrinolytic markers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern Med 41: 181—185.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Azen, S.P. et al. (1996) Effect of supplementary antioxidant vitamin intake on carotid arterial wall intima-media thickness in a controlled clinical trial of cholesterol lowering. Circulation 94: 2369—2372.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Baillard, C. et al. (2003) Cardiac troponin I in patients with severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intensive Care Med 29: 584—589.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Beaty, T.H. et al. (1985) Effects of pulmonary function on mortality. J Chronic Dis 38: 703—710.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Biskobing, D.M. (2002) COPD and osteoporosis. Chest 121: 609—620.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Broekhuizen, R. et al. (2006) Raised CRP levels mark metabolic and functional impairment in advanced COPD. Thorax 61: 17—22.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Buch, P. et al. (2003) Reduced lung function and risk of atrial fibrillation in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Respir J 21: 1012—1016.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Cai, H. and Harrison, D.G. (2000) Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress. Circ Res 87: 840—844.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Casaburi, R. (2000) Skeletal muscle function in COPD. Chest 117: 267S—271S.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Celli, B.R. et al. (2004) The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 350: 1005—1012.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Clark, C.J. et al. (2000) Skeletal muscle strength and endurance in patients with mild COPD and the effects of weight training. Eur Respir J 15: 92—97.[Abstract]
  • Cote, C. et al. (2007) Haemoglobin level and its clinical impact in a cohort of patients with COPD. Eur Respir J 29: 923—929.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Coultas, D.B. et al. (2007) Predictors of depressive symptoms in patients with COPD and health impact. Copd 4: 23—28.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Couillard, A. et al. (2003) Exercise-induced quadriceps oxidative stress and peripheral muscle dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167: 1664—1669.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Creutzberg, E.C. et al. (2003) Prevalence of an elevated resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in relation to body composition and lung function. Eur J Clin Nutr 52: 396—401.[CrossRef]
  • Curkendall, S.M. et al. (2006) Cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Saskatchewan Canada cardiovascular disease in COPD patients. Ann Epidemiol 16: 63—70.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Danesh, J. et al. (2005) Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. Jama 294: 1799—1809.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Danesh, J. et al. (2000) Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses. BMJ 321: 199—204.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • de Vries, F. et al. (2005) Severity of obstructive airway disease and risk of osteoporotic fracture. Eur Respir J 25: 879—884.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Elahi, M.M. and Matata, B.M. (2006) Free radicals in blood: evolving concepts in the mechanism of ischemic heart disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 450: 78—88.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Engstrom, G. et al. (2000) Respiratory decline in smokers and ex-smokers — an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death. J Cardiovasc Risk 7: 267—272.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Engstrom, G. et al. (2001) Occurrence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmia is related to pulmonary function: a study from "men born in 1914," Malmo, Sweden. Circulation 103: 3086—3091.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Fabbri, L.M. and Hurd, S.S. (2003) Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD: 2003 update. Eur Respir J 22: 1—2.[Free Full Text]
  • Fowkes, F.G. et al. (2006) Reduced lung function in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with activation of inflammation and hemostasis, not smoking or cardiovascular disease. J Vasc Surg 43: 474—480.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Gan, W.Q. et al. (2004) Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Thorax 59: 574—580.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Greenland, S. (2001) Attributable fractions: bias from broad definition of exposure. Epidemiology 12: 518—520.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Guttridge, D.C. et al. (2000) NF-kappaB-induced loss of MyoD messenger RNA: possible role in muscle decay and cachexia. Science 289: 2363—2366.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Hallin, R. et al. (2006) Nutritional status, dietary energy intake and the risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respir Med 100: 561—567.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Hole, D.J. et al. (1996) Impaired lung function and mortality risk in men and women: findings from the Renfrew and Paisley prospective population study. Bmj 313: 711—715; discussion 715—716.[Free Full Text]
  • Hozawa, A. et al. (2006) Lung function and ischemic stroke incidence: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Chest 130: 1642—1649.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Huiart, L. et al. (2005) Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in COPD. Chest 128: 2640—2646.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Jorgensen, N.R. et al. (2007) The prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross sectional study. Respir Med 101: 177—185.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Jousilahti, P. et al. (1999) Symptoms of chronic bronchitis, haemostatic factors, and coronary heart disease risk. Atherosclerosis 142: 403—407.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Jousilahti, P. et al. (1996) Symptoms of chronic bronchitis and the risk of coronary disease. Lancet 348: 567—572.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Koechlin, C. et al. (2005) Hypoxaemia enhances peripheral muscle oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 60: 834—841.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Laghi, F. (2005) Low testosterone in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: does it really matter? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 172: 1069—1070.[Free Full Text]
  • Landbo, C. et al. (1999) Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160: 1856—1861.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Lee, T.A. and Weiss, K.B. (2004) Fracture risk associated with inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169: 855—859.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Lyon, C.J. and Hsueh, W.A. (2003) Effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 115 Suppl 8A: 62S—68S.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Mador, M.J. and Bozkanat, E. (2001) Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2: 216—224.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Mancia, G. et al. (1999) Sympathetic activation in the pathogenesis of hypertension and progression of organ damage. Hypertension 34: 724—728.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Marquis, K. et al. (2002) Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166: 809—813.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • McGarvey, L.P. et al. (2007) Ascertainment of Cause-Specific Mortality in COPD — Operations of the TORCH Clinical Endpoint Committee. Thorax 2007.
  • Montes de Oca, M. et al. (1996) Respiratory muscle and cardiopulmonary function during exercise in very severe COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154: 1284—1289.[Abstract]
  • Nadeem, A. et al. (2005) Increased oxidative stress and altered levels of antioxidants in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inflammation 29: 23—32.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Oga, T. et al. (2003) Analysis of the factors related to mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of exercise capacity and health status. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167: 544—549.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Owen, C.A. (2005) Proteinases and oxidants as targets in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2: 373—385; discussion 394—375.[Free Full Text]
  • Pauwels, R.A. and Rabe, K.F. (2004) Burden and clinical features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lancet 364: 613—620.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Rahman, I. et al. (1996) Systemic oxidative stress in asthma, COPD, and smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154: 1055—1060.[Abstract]
  • Roest, M. et al. (2000) Homozygosity for 807 T polymorphism in alpha(2) subunit of platelet alpha(2)beta(1) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in high-risk women. Circulation 102: 1645—1650.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Sakamaki, F. et al. (1999) Abnormality of left ventricular sympathetic nervous function assessed by (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging in patients with COPD. Chest 116: 1575—1581.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Scarduelli, C. et al. (2004) Prevalence and prognostic role of cardiovascular complications in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to Italian respiratory intensive care units. Ital Heart J 5: 932—938.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Schols, A.M. et al. (1998) Weight loss is a reversible factor in the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157: 1791—1797.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Schols, A.M. (2000) Nutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 6: 110—115.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Schunemann, H.J. et al. (2000) Pulmonary function is a long-term predictor of mortality in the general population: 29-year follow-up of the Buffalo Health Study. Chest 118: 656—664.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Serres, I. et al. (1998) Impaired skeletal muscle endurance related to physical inactivity and altered lung function in COPD patients. Chest 113: 900—905.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Sidney, S. et al. (2005) COPD and incident cardiovascular disease hospitalizations and mortality: Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. Chest 128: 2068—2075.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Sin, D.D. and Man, S.F. (2003a) Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Circulation 107: 1514—1519.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Sin, D.D. et al. (2004) Contemporary management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: scientific review. Jama 2003b 290: 2301—2312.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Sin, D.D. et al. (2003c) The risk of osteoporosis in Caucasian men and women with obstructive airways disease. Am J Med 114: 10—14.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Sin, D.D. et al. (2004) Forced expiratory volume in 1 second and physical activity in the general population. Am J Med 117: 270—273.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Sin, D.D. et al. (2005a) The relationship between reduced lung function and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based study and a systematic review of the literature. Chest 127: 1952—1959.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Sin, D.D. and Man, S.F. (2005b) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 83: 8—13.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Sin, D.D. et al. (2006a) Mortality in COPD: Role of comorbidities. Eur Respir J 28: 1245—1257.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Sin, D.D. and Man, S.F. (2006b) Skeletal muscle weakness, reduced exercise tolerance, and COPD: is systemic inflammation the missing link? Thorax 61: 1—3.[Free Full Text]
  • Speizer, F.E. et al. (1989) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in six U.S. cities. Am Rev Respir Dis 140: S49—55.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Sugiyama, S. et al. (2004) Hypochlorous acid, a macrophage product, induces endothelial apoptosis and tissue factor expression: involvement of myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidant in plaque erosion and thrombogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24: 1309—1314.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Tockman, M.S. et al. (1995) Rapid decline in FEV1. A new risk factor for coronary heart disease mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151: 390—398.[Abstract]
  • Tracy, R.P. et al. (1999) The relationship of fibrinogen and factors VII and VIII to incident cardiovascular disease and death in the elderly: results from the cardiovascular health study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19: 1776—1783.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Truelsen, T. et al. (2001) Lung function and risk of fatal and non-fatal stroke. The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Int J Epidemiol 30: 145—151.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Wedzicha, J.A. et al. (2000) Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are accompanied by elevations of plasma fibrinogen and serum IL-6 levels. Thromb Haemost 84: 210—215.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Wieland, D.M. et al. (1980) Radiolabeled adrenergi neuron-blocking agents: adrenomedullary imaging with [131I]iodobenzylguanidine. J Nucl Med 21: 349—353.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Wiman, B. et al. (2000) Plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex and von Willebrand factor are significant risk markers for recurrent myocardial infarction in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP) study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20: 2019—2023.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Wing, S.S. and Goldberg, A.L. (1993) Glucocorticoids activate the ATP-ubiquitindependent proteolytic system in skeletal muscle during fasting. Am J Physiol 264: E668—676.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Wu, K.K. and Thiagarajan, P. (1996) Role of endothelium in thrombosis and hemostasis. Annu Rev Med 47: 315—331.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Yende, S. et al. (2006) Inflammatory markers are associated with ventilatory limitation and muscle dysfunction in obstructive lung disease in well functioning elderly subjects. Thorax 61: 10—16.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, Vol. 1, No. 1, 47-59 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1753465807082374
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Ther Adv Respir DisHome page
D. A. Ngan, S. V. Vickerman, D. J. Granville, S. F. P. Man, and D. D. Sin
The possible role of granzyme B in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, June 1, 2009; 3(3): 113 - 129.
[Abstract] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Tkác, J.
Right arrow Articles by Sin, D. D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Tkác, J.
Right arrow Articles by Sin, D. D.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Advertisement